System
Impact of Biofilm Formation
References
Toilet bowls

Cosmetic degradation

Pitts et al., Biofouling 13:19 (1998)
Cooling water towers
Reduced heat and mass transfer
Mortensen and Conley, CTI J. 15:10 (1994)
Heat exchangers
Reduced heat transfer
 
Paper manufacturing
Degradation of product quality
Vaisanen et al., J. Appl. Microbiol. 84:1069 (1998)

Robertson, TAPPI, Reprint 566 (1992)

Holt, in Biodeterioration 7, p. 493 (1987)
Food processing
Contamination
Wirtanen and Salo, Rev Environ Sci and Bio/Technol. 2:293-306 (2003)

Carpentier and Cerf, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75:499 (1993)

Matilla-Sandholm and Wirtanen, Food Rev. Int. 8:573 (1992)
Metalworking
Degradation of metalworking fluid
Leder, Lubr. Engr. 45:217 (1989)
Photo processing
Flawed prints, machine failure
Elvers et al., J. Appl. Microbiol. 84:607 (1998)
Reverse osmosis water processing
Reduced membrane permeability, material degradation
McDonogh et al., J. Membr. Sci. 87:199 (1994)
Swimming pools
Health risks, cosmetic degradation
Angenent et al, PNAS 102(13):4860-4865 (2005)
Household drains
Slow draining sinks
 
Household surfaces
Cutting surfaces, shower heads and curtains, vases
 
Process equipment
Corrosion and biodeterioration
 
Secondary oil recovery
Plugging of water injection wells, souring (hydrogen sulfide production) and corrosion
Olliver and Magot, Petroleum Microbiology, ASM Press 2005, ISBN 1-55581-327-5
Sewage systems
Biodeterioration
 
Drinking water pipes
Health risks
LeChevallier et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:220 (1996)

Camper, in Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial Water Systems, Ch. 6 (1994)